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Analysis of Collagen Fiber Arrangement by Fluid Mechanics Technique

Samantha Williams

Collagen fiber spatial arrangement has been employed as a biomarker to measure damage and disease progression. Quantifying this organization for complex systems, on the other hand, is difficult. Collagen is the main structural protein in connective tissue and the extracellular matrix. Collagenous fiber organization might be employed as a biomarker to detect structural abnormalities, illness diagnosis and progression, aging, tissue development, and injury. When fibrillar collagen interacts with light, its non-centrosymmetric molecular structure causes a nonlinear optical response in which two input photons make an output photon with twice the frequency, a process known as Second-Harmonic Generation (SHG). SHG microscopy can thus produce high-contrast pictures of collagenous fibers without the need for exogenous dye. Various quantitative SHG imaging approaches have been utilized to help researchers better understand how collagen microstructure affects biological function. Texture analysis techniques have been used to objectively characterize SHG pictures of normal and malignant human pancreatic tissues, for example. Curvelet, wavelet, and Fourier transforms have also been employed to measure the morphological characteristics of collagen fibers. In the latter scenario, as in the case of tendon tissues, Fourier Transform-Second Harmonic Generation (FT-SHG) imaging analysis was utilized to assess the orientation and spatial dispersion of uniformly organized collagen fibers.