Zeitschrift für Alkoholismus und Drogenabhängigkeit
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Editorial note on substance use and psychiatric co morbidity among substance users

Steffi rose Mathew

According to studies published that analyze the impact gender differences have on risk factors for and outcomes of opioid use, women with OUD (compared with men) were more likely to have personal or family history of psychiatric illness, and were more likely to have been victims of violence and trauma in their lifetime ;.Najavits (2009) reports that women with history of childhood trauma (compared to men) experience a higher rate of substance use disorders (SUD) and stress-related affective disorders (SAD; anxiety or PTSD) in adulthood. Childhood traumatic stress has broadly been identified as an underlying causal factor for substance use , andit has also been linked to emotional dysregulation and SAD in adulthood  that can help maintain substance use. Suggest that traumatic events in childhood have greater potential to influence the brain, disrupting emotional, behavioral, cognitive, and social functioning, as thebrain is developing and organizing at such a rapid rate in the first years of life. Two decades of research clearly document the negative health and treatment outcomes associated with traumatic stress-related PTSD/substance use comorbidity.