Endokrinologie und metabolisches Syndrom
Offener Zugang

Abstrakt

Eliciting Clear-Cut Initial-Hunger at Proper Time

Mario Ciampolini

Bringing up children to scheduled meals promotes current extent of overweight and insulin resistance. The spontaneous arousal of hunger sensations at low blood glucose concentration is different from scheduled arousal. Memorization of spontaneous arousals and reports of their identity in later occasions may be confirmed by biochemical, physiological and physical measurements stating the identity of metabolic conditions. This review reports this distinction and the identification by training of initial hunger (IH). Validated IH includes epigastric sensations (the most frequent and recognizable) and mental and physical sensations. A meal pattern solicited by validated IH may be maintained for months and years up to old age. This pattern reduces energy intake by a third, and decreases mean weekly preprandial BG, glycated Hb, insulin resistance and body weight in those who are insulin resistant or overweight.