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Engineering Strategies for Mimicking and Manipulating Extracellular Matrix in Tissue Engineering

Amy Carlo

In tissue engineering, mimicking and manipulating the Extra- Cellular Matrix (ECM) is essential for creating biomimetic scaffolds that support cell growth, differentiation, and tissue regeneration. Engineering strategies involve designing ECMmimicking materials, such as hydrogels, nanofibers, and decellularized matrices, with tunable physical and biochemical properties. Biomimetic cues, including cell adhesion motifs, growth factors, and mechanical stimuli, are incorporated into these scaffolds to guide cell behaviour and tissue development. Advanced fabrication techniques, such as 3D bio printing and electrospinning, enable precise control over scaffold architecture and composition, promoting the creation of functional tissue substitutes for regenerative medicine applications.