Zeitschrift für Hämatologie und thromboembolische Erkrankungen
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Haematologic Response in Hyperglycaemic Rats Experimentally Induced with Alloxan

Fakoya Olugbenga Olatunde and Oseni Bashiru Anthony

Background: Severe hyperglycaemia has been associated with metabolic and organ dysfunctions with insufficient information on haematologic abnormalities. This study investigates the effect of induced hyperglycaemia on some peripheral blood and bone marrow indices with a view to mimic haematologic picture of poorly and untreated diabetes mellitus patients.
Methods: Sixty male albino rats weighing 175-250 g used for this study were divided equally into control and test groups. Hyperglycaemia was induced with 170 kg bwt-1 alloxan intraperitonaely in the test group while control groups received sterile normal saline. At day 12 post induction haematological parameters were investigated as packed cell volume, white blood cell count (total and differential), haemoglobin concentration, red cell count, red cell indices of mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin concentration, platelet count, reticulocytes count, bone marrow myeloid-erythroid ratio and cytochemical-hemosiderin demonstration. Data obtained were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences and expressed as mean ± 1 standard deviation. Test of significance for control and test was done using student T-Test and expressed as p<0.05.
Results: Results of test compared to control showed significant reduction (p<0.05) in body-weight (188 ± 15 vs. 224 ± 30)g, packed cell volume (24.40 ± 3.87 vs. 40.45 ± 3.93)%, haemoglobin Concentration (7.81 ± 1.45 vs. 13.39 ± 0.40) g/dl, neutrophil count (12.50 ± 2.72 vs. 24.90 ± 5.34)% and red blood cell count (3.47 ± 0.29 vs. 7.16 ± 0.25) × 1012/l, while reticulocyte count (12.4 ± 1.87 vs. 3.69 ± 0.47)%, mean cell volume (70.55 ± 11.16 vs. 56.35 ± 5.18)fl, mean cell haemoglobin (22.44 ± 3.97 vs. 18.71 ± 0.96)pg, eosinophil (13.35 ± 2.32 vs. 2.45 ± 1.53)%, basophil (2.45 ± 1.88 vs. 0.65 ± 0.67)% were significantly (p<0.05) increased. Total leucocytes (5.50 ± 1.62 vs. 5.36 ± 1.67) ×109/l, lymphocytes (69.30 ± 3.28 vs. 70.15 ± 4.17)%, monocytes (2.60 ± 0.8 vs. 3.80 ± 1.5)% and platelet count (216.05 ± 26.37 vs. 203.95 ± 23.05) showed no significant difference in both groups. The bone marrow smear revealed marked increase in myeloid-erythroid ratio (6:1 vs. 2.7:1) with increased hemosiderrin pigments.
Conclusion: Our data describes body weight loss with regenerative anemia evidenced by peripheral reticulocytosis and neutropenia. This alongside medullary leukaemoid reaction and an undefined dyserythropoiesis arising from megaloblastic maturation characterizes the haematologic response. Conclusively, a complex haematologic abnormality is envisaged to accompany untreated and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus patient.