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Semi-arid climate in the ceará state/Brazil

Juscelino Chaves Sales

Climate changes in the world have been occurring over time in
certain regions of the planet mainly due to the action of man
himself, who destroys nature through pollution of rivers, lakes,
dams and water sources in general, deforestation, poor sanitation
etc., the destruction of nature can cause serious problems
on the planet, such as melting polar ice caps, earthquakes, tsunamis,
floods, hurricanes, advancement of oceans in coastal areas,
storms. Climate researchers show that there is an interaction of
the atmosphere and the ocean waters, which is known as El Niño,
causes an increase in the temperature of the Pacific Ocean, resulting
in a decrease of rainfall in Brazil’s northeast, where the State
of Ceará is located, thus causing climate changes. In this state,
in which predominates semiarid land region, drought is over the
years generating serious problems, such as desertification, and if
it continues at this pace soon there will be regions fully formed
by deserts. This paper analyzes the current situation in some areas
of the State of Ceará that can reach an almost total lack of water,
which would make the weather more severe as well as bring some
serious impacts and issues, especially in how to make the water
reach the affected localities, avoiding the rural exodus. The results
show that some towns in the state can turn into desert, such as
Canindé, region of the sertão of Crateús, and in the northern
region of the state, having the municipality of Irauçuba as the
more problematic.