Pilzgenomik und -biologie
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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Unconventional Food Plants that Occur in Agroforestry Systems of Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Camila Maistro Patreze

The obligatory mutualistic symbiosis between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Glomeromycota phylum, and plant roots is a relationship present in most vascular plant families in different ecosystems. AMFs collaborate in the absorption of water and mineral nutrients while the host plant transfers compounds resulting from photosynthesis to the fungi, enabling its survival. The acronym PANC–Non- Conventional Food Plants, refers to plant species or parts of them, which are edible. These plants occur spontaneously or through cultivation and are not part of the eating habits of most of the population. PANC are often found in agroforestry systems; complex environments, with more ecological interactions including AMFs and more balanced when compared to monocultures, eliminating the use of fertilizers and chemical pesticides. The objective of this study was to carry out a bibliographical survey on mycorrhizal associations with PANC species. The study consisted of a literature review based on the use of CAPES, Scholar Google and SciELO journal platforms, in a search over a period of 31 years (Jan/1990 to Jun/2021). The literature review allowed selecting 45 PANC species, distributed in 29 families. In total, 182 publications were found that addressed the occurrence of AMF in 36 PANC species, whether natural or from inoculation in experiments, analyzing soil and/or roots. The 182 studies were distributed in 29 countries around the world. The most cited AMF genera were Rhizophagus, Funneliformis and Claroideoglomus, which involved the following, mainly species: Funneliformis mosseae, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Rhizophagus clarus, R. intraradices, R. fasciculatus and R. irregularis. Regarding species diversity by genera, the main ones were Glomus and Acaulospora, with 14 and 11 species each, respectively. Thus, it was possible to systematize the knowledge about the occurrence and possible benefits of AMFs in PANC species, an area with little information available of great importance for the maintenance and sustainability of agroforestry systems.