Zeitschrift für klinische und experimentelle Dermatologieforschung
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Exploring the Impact of Diet and Nutrition on Vitiligo: A Systematic Review of Dietary Factors and Nutritional Interventions

Zeenat Hadi1*, Ravneet Kaur2, Zahra Parekh3, Sukul Khanna4, Ahmed Bazil Bin Khalil5, Haleema Qayyum Abbasi6, Faiza Ashfaque1, Dhruvi Shah7, Vikaskumar Jitendrakumar Patel8

Vitiligo, an autoimmune skin disorder linked to hormonal and genetic factors, results in reduced pigmentation due to a gradual decline in melanocyte activity. This systematic review delves into the role of dietary intervention and nutrition in managing vitiligo. A comprehensive search on PubMed, Google Scholar, and European PMC identified 214 studies, with 14 meeting inclusion criteria post-screening. The selected studies primarily explored the impact of dietary supplements on disease activity. Heavy metal exposure, specifically Cd, Pb, and Hg, indicated potential links to heightened reactive oxygen species and vitiligo development. Conflicting evidence emerged regarding the role of trace minerals (Zn and Cu), with some studies suggesting deficiencies and others proposing excesses in vitiligo patients. Anti-inflammatory vitamins C, D, and B12, along with antioxidants, were investigated for their potential in repigmentation strategies. Additionally, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs), especially in varying types of fat consumption, were implicated. Emphasizing the need to reduce reliance on pharmacological and phototherapy interventions, the review uncovers novel roles for dietary supplements as adjuncts or flare reducers. Despite potential avenues, the review acknowledges limitations such as geographic and ethnic factors, and small sample sizes, advocating for larger-scale research to establish standardized regimes in managing vitiligo through dietary approaches.