Santosh Kumar and Subir Maulik
Inflammation regulates myocardial function and cytokines are considered as its key regulator. There is abundant literature suggesting that cytokines have been known to directly regulate cardiac function. However, the evidence of such regulation failed to go through the transition from bench to bedside. Large clinical trials aimed at investigating the impact of anti-cytokine therapy on heart failure failed to bring a significant change in the end points. Here we will summarize the available proof from preclinical and clinical studies.