Zeitschrift für Umweltverschmutzungseffekte und -kontrolle
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Ecotoxicity Evaluation of Industrial Discharge Waters and Metallic Solutions using Two Organisms (Lactuca sativa and Daphnia magna)

Anne Priac, Amandine Poupeney, Coline Druart and Gregorio Crini

Surface treatment industrial discharge water is a complex anthropogenic source of pollutants, including organic pollutants (PAHs, VOCs…) and numerous metal ions. We attempted to identify the main toxicants comparing impact assessment of real polycontaminated effluents and reconstituted polymetallic solutions via ecotoxicological bioassays performed with Daphnia magna immobilization test (24 h) and Lactuca sativa germination test (168 h). We focused first on 2 (Ni and Zn) then on 5 metals (Ni, Zn, Co, Cr, Al). Our results showed differences between metal toxicity order: Zn>Al>Ni>Cr~Co, for daphnids and Ni>Zn>Al~Co>Cr for lettuce. However, discharge waters remained more toxic than synthetic solutions: those 5 metals were not entirely responsible for the discharge water ecotoxicity. We also found D. magna to be more sensitive than L. sativa. This last assessment should be interpreted with care, knowing that immobilization and germination tests are respectively acute and chronic toxicity bioassays. Thus, battery tests are appropriate to evaluate industrial discharge water samples, and should be increasingly used as eco toxicological standards.